If the c7 or f7 rabbit is pushed or pulled forward, this will complicate any home trap control fight for Silver, since a rabbit can never step backward. With that said, winning a fight at home may not be a priority for one inclined toward aggressive play. Silver's setup may thus be good for a player who intends to attack somewhat quickly and not worry too much about his home traps. Note that the silver elephant does not directly face its gold counterpart. Had Silver placed her elephant on e7, the gold elephant could immediately go to e6 and delay the silver elephant's advance. That would be bad for Silver, unless she had a quick way to attack and force the gold elephant to return home. MH setups [ edit | edit source] At left, Silver uses an MH ( camel-horse) setup. Silver plans to advance her horse and camel in the west, to attack c3 and/or threaten the gold horse in c6. The gold camel could move west to defend c3, or east to help attack f6. Silver's attacking threat justifies having her elephant directly face the gold elephant.
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This means the child has a high motivation to complete therapy as opposed to a strength and conditioning program in a gym. Practical Advice [ edit | edit source] Further research is required on the dose-response relationship of Hippotherapy as this study only explored a once per week intervention. Results showed a movement towards normal function, but it is unclear if this is the absolute extent of improvement obtainable. Recent research that explores twice a week therapy for 24 weeks displays evidence that further improvement in muscular control is achievable. [4] Through exclusion criteria the more severely disabled population was not represented in this study which creates limitations in the results. Overall this study provides beneficial evidence that improvement of functionality of Cerebral Palsy patients is achievable.
The child either suffered from the disability or did not. One of the aims of this study was to develop a quantitative measure of changes to head and trunk stability after Hippotherapy intervention on children with Cerebral Palsy. Prior to this study, quantitative results had not been produced. 1 This ensures a better interpretation of results produced when comparing before and after the intervention was undertaken. What did the Research Involve? [ edit | edit source] 11 children that are affected by the disability; Cerebral Palsy, aged from 5-17 years of age took part in this study. The control group, consisting of eight children were used as a comparison for children without disabilities for normative development values. This group matched the ages of the children with the disability. Occupational therapy sessions were carried out to identify specific disabilities and develop an individualised intervention for each participant. Although these assessments were done over three different locations, the same intervention tools were specified for this type of therapy which ensured normalisation.
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2009 Jul 1;90(7):1185-95. ↑ Hadders-Algra M. Early diagnosis and early intervention in cerebral palsy. Frontiers in neurology. 2014 Sep 24;5:185 ↑ a b Research Gate ↑ a b Moraes AG, Copetti F, Angelo VR, Chiavoloni LL, David AC. The effects of hippotherapy on postural balance and functional ability in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of physical therapy science. 2016;28(8):2220-6.
[3] It was published in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation during 2009. Shurtleff is an instructor in Occupational Therapy and Neurosurgery. He has undertaken multiple studies on Hippotherapy and its effect on Cerebral Palsy patients. He has also undertaken research on the therapeutic effects of horse riding on other disabilities. [3] What Kind of Research was this? [ edit | edit source] The study design for this article was a case-control study as the design involved children who had Cerebral Palsy and a control group that did not have the disease. This article is also classified as an observational analytical design because it allows the testing of a hypothesis. The choice of type of study was efficient as it provided the researchers with a comparison of results for development of children without the disability. This ensured results were significant in decreasing the effect this disability has on the children's lives. There were also Quasi-Experimental elements as the groups were not randomised as this was not required.
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There are 64, 864, 800 possible setups for each side, although Gold in effect only has half that many, since an east-west reflection amounts to the same setup for the one going first. Players frequently experiment with different setups, but certain guiding principles are usually followed: Elephant centralisation: The elephant usually starts on the d- or e-file; less commonly, on the c- or f-file. Activity: A piece typically does not start directly behind a weaker piece. A strong piece usually does not start directly behind a trap, unless one has a plan to quickly advance and replace it. Balance: There should be some strength on each wing, so that each home trap has some protection and there is at least a potential threat to each away trap. Rabbit protection: Since rabbits can't retreat, they should not begin exposed to easy pulls. A small minority of the possible setups meet these criteria. However, there is still plenty of scope for variation. A setup which buries strong pieces may be a form of handicap.
This Wikibooks critque was undertaken on the research article "Changes in Dynamic Trunk/Head Stability and Functional Reach after Hippotherapy" by Tim Shurtleff, John Standeven and Jack Engsberg. (2009) [1] Background to Research [ edit | edit source] Cerebral Palsy is a disease involving impaired voluntary movement or posture. This can result from Central Nervous System damage occurring perinatal or postnatal. This condition is non progressive and is discovered before the child reaches the age of 5. [1] Ataxia, Spasticity, or involuntary movement are the symptoms presented with this disease. For children with this motor disease, functionality and movement are impaired causing everyday tasks and participation with peers to become difficult. [2] This study explored the effect of horse riding, termed Hippotherapy has on children with Spastic Diplegia Cerebral Palsy in relation to their head and trunk stability as well as functional reach. [1] Where is the Research From? [ edit | edit source] This study was undertaken by Shurtleff, Standeven and Engsberg at the, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis as part of the Program in Occupational Therapy.
Functional reach showed to be positively affected by therapy through time taken and Reach Path Ratio (Straightness over distance) decreasing. Although the subjects with Cerebral Palsy were significantly different to the control group, the results showed movement towards normal function after therapy. These beneficial results are also displayed by the children after the Hippotherapy has ceased. After a three month lapse in therapy increased muscular control was still evident through results of post intervention test two. Conclusions [ edit | edit source] From the evidence of this research, this type of therapy can be beneficial for children with Cerebral Palsy. Hippotherapy has long been recognised and researched as a therapy for children suffering from this disability. [1] [4] This paper goes a step further by quantifying results over a time period to enable more accurate conclusions to be drawn. This type of therapy has also been shown to have a high compliance rate as it is enjoyable for the participant.
Gold might play 2g Ed2nnnn, but then Silver could play 2s ha7s mb7s cc7w hg7s and, if the gold elephant stays on d6, 3s ed7wsse. Silver loses some time with sideways steps, but Gold will lose even more time moving his elephant, which must step around its silver counterpart and go back home to defend c3. When Silver uses an MH setup, Gold must either attack first or be prepared to quickly defend. In any event, an elephant should not immediately advance four squares if that will allow for a strong attack by the opponent. At right, Gold has set up for a quick EMH attack in the west. To slow this down, the silver camel directly faces the gold camel. Silver could place both horses in the east, far away from the gold camel, but prefers to place one horse in the middle so that it can quickly go to either wing. Gold might move his camel east and still get a strong western attack if there is no silver horse in the west; to avoid being pulled toward c3, the silver camel may need a supporting horse.